Abstract
The antimycobacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde has already been proven for laboratory strains and for clinical isolates. What is more, cinnamaldehyde was shown to threaten the mycobacterial plasma membrane integrity and to activate the stress response system. Following promising applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and development we aimed to explore the mycobacteria response to cinnamaldehyde within cinnamon essential oil treatment by untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The use of predictive metabolite pathway analysis and description of produced lipids enabled the evaluation of the stress symptoms shown by bacteria. This study suggests that bacteria exposed to cinnamaldehyde could reorganize their outer membrane as a physical barrier against stress factors. They probably lowered cell wall permeability and inner membrane fluidity, and possibly redirected carbon flow to store energy in triacylglycerols. Being a reactive compound, cinnamaldehyde may also contribute to disturbances in bacteria redox homeostasis and detoxification mechanisms.
Highlights
The economic, political, and climate changes in numerous regions of the world are pushing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes in the chase for a safer life
The whole cell extracts from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) after 24 h exposure were analyzed to identify the changes in metabolite profiles occurring between bacteria exposed to essential oil/cinnamaldehyde and control cultures
Principal component analysis (PCA) (Figure 2) revealed differences between sets of metabolites detected in control and test samples; test samples were more consistent in the case of hydrophilic extracts
Summary
The economic, political, and climate changes in numerous regions of the world are pushing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes in the chase for a safer life. This population movement changes the epidemiological condition in countries with a high refugee ratio in terms of promoting the spread of tuberculosis (TB) and other infectious diseases. During the last several years, multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been found in every studied country. This fact makes tuberculosis a global threat again [1]. Metabolomics was applied for determination of the bacteria’s response to growth arrest [4,5], description of interactions with the host [6], explanation of the mechanism of action of antibiotics and antimycobacterial agents of plant origin [7,8,9], and resistance to standard treatment [10,11,12,13]
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