Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the use and interpretation of the norm of protection of critical infrastructure in international law. The paper will firstly elaborate on the use of the term critical infrastructure in the current international context along with examples from domestic law from states that have firmly established their presence in cyberspace. Subsequently, this paper will discuss how the norm is approached in international law and specifically by the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts Reports (UNGGE Report) and also by the 2021 Open-ended working group on developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security (OWEG Report) as well as the General Assembly and the Security Council. Moreover, it will look into the approach of different international organisations, to how they understand and apply the norm of protecting critical infrastructures. Furthermore, the paper will analyse how non-state actor initiatives such as the Global Commission for the Stability of Cyberspace and the Paris Call for Trust have interpreted and even expanded said norm.

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