Abstract
In near-term quantum computers, the operations are realized by unitary quantum gates. The precise and stable working mechanism of quantum gates is essential for the implementation of any complex quantum computations. Here, we define a method for the unsupervised control of quantum gates in near-term quantum computers. We model a scenario in which a tensor product structure of non-stable quantum gates is not controllable in terms of control theory. We prove that the non-stable quantum gate becomes controllable via a machine learning method if the quantum gates formulate an entangled gate structure.
Highlights
Quantum computers1–12 utilize quantum mechanics to solve computational problems more efficiently than traditional computers1,3,4,13–46
The quantum bus contains a measurement operator to entangle the output quantum systems, which results in an entangled gate structure
We defined a method for unsupervised control of entangled quantum gates in gate-model quantum computers and near-term quantum devices
Summary
Quantum computers utilize quantum mechanics to solve computational problems more efficiently than traditional computers. We are focusing on the problem of controlling non-stable quantum gates in an entangled gate structure in gate-model quantum computers. In a general architecture of machine learning–based controlling, the system model consists of a complex physical system subject to controlling, noisy measurement results from the physical system, a cost function, and the machine learning control unit, which outputs a control function to calibrate the physical system115117. The quantum gates output quantum systems to a quantum bus that www.nature.com/scientificreports correlates these output quantum systems with some auxiliary quantum system (probe beams39,48–51) These auxiliary systems are measured, providing information about the gate unitaries for the machine learning module. It is assumed that a particular quantum gate oscillates randomly, i.e., a quantum gate is non-stable. We show that for an entangled quantum gate structure, the randomly oscillating quantum gate can be controlled by a stable quantum gate in the entangled gate structure
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