Unstimulated Parotid Saliva Is a Better Method for Blood Glucose Prediction

Yangyang Cui,Jia Zhu,Zhenhua Liao,Lu Peng,Tian Liu,Hankun Zhang,Jiasheng Zuo,Zhili Duan,Lu Xing,Weiqiang Liu,Song Wang

doi:10.3390/app112311367

Abstract

Objective: Saliva glucose has been widely used in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes, but the saliva collection method will affect saliva glucose concentration. So, this study aims to identify the ideal saliva collection method. Method: A total amount of six saliva collection methods were employed in 80 healthy participants in the morning. Besides, three unstimulated saliva methods were employed in another 30 healthy participants in the morning; in the meantime the blood glucose of these 30 participants was detected with a Roche blood glucose meter. The glucose oxidase method with 2, 4, 6-tribromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (TBHBA) as the chromogen has been improved to be suitable for healthy people, through the selection of the optimal pH value and ionic strength of the reaction system. This method was used for the detection of saliva glucose. Results: The improved method obtained absorbance at the wavelength of 520 nm, and the optimized parameter combination was pH 6.5 and 5 mg/dL NaCl. The lower limit of glucose detection was 0.1 mg/dL. Unstimulated saliva glucose concentration was higher than stimulated saliva glucose concentration. Unstimulated parotid saliva glucose concentration was the highest. Besides, unstimulated saliva glucose has a better normal distribution effect. Meantime, it was found that unstimulated parotid saliva was the most highly correlated with blood glucose (R2 = 0.707). Conclusions: the saliva collection method was an important factor that affected saliva glucose concentration. Unstimulated parotid saliva was the most highly correlated with blood glucose, which provided a reference for prediction of diabetes mellitus.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a globally common chronic disease affecting humans, which remains one of the major health concerns of the 21st century [1]
We found that the unstimulated saliva glucose were significantly higher than levels in unstimulated sublingual/submandibular saliva and levels were higher than in stimulated saliva, thatinunstimulated parotid salivacorrelated glucose level unstimulated whole saliva, and the glucose levels parotid saliva were strongly was higher unstimulated sublingual/submandibular saliva, and thatwas unstimulated with bloodthan glucose in healthy people
Our study revealed a significant, strong between parotid and blood glucose levels sublingual/submanbut not between glucose levelscorrelation were significantly highersalivary than levels in unstimulated dibular saliva and unstimulated whole saliva, and the glucose levels in parotid saliva were strongly correlated with blood glucose in healthy people

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a globally common chronic disease affecting humans, which remains one of the major health concerns of the 21st century [1]. Routine blood glucose detection requires invasive venipuncture or acupuncture, which brings pain to the patient and affects the patient’s enthusiasm for blood glucose monitoring [4,5]. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring has attracted great attention. Among the most non-invasive methods, saliva glucose, replacing blood glucose, has major significance in monitoring these conditions. Rodrigue et al [9] pointed out that saliva, like blood, can reflect changes in human physiological functions, so it may be a substitute for early detection and monitoring of DM. Saliva collection is convenient, safe, non-invasive, with no risk of infection, and painless to patients. People pay more and more attention to it in experimental research and clinical use [10,11]

Methods

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Discussion

Conclusion