Unsteady MHD Williamson Fluid Flow with the Effect of Bioconvection over Permeable Stretching Sheet

Abstract

The unsteady flow of Williamson fluid with the effect of bioconvection in the heat and mass transfer occurring over a stretching sheet is investigated. A uniform magnetic field, thermal radiation, thermal dissipation, and chemical reactions are taken into account as additional effects. The physical problem is formulated in the form of a system of partial differential equations and solved numerically. For this purpose, similarity functions are involved to transmute these equations into corresponding ordinary differential equations. After that, the Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique is employed to evaluate the desired findings with the utilization of a MATLAB script. As a result, the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as on the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the aid of graphs and tables. The parameters of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are responsible for the rise in temperature and bioconvection Rayleigh number diminishes the velocity field. This study on nanofluid bioconvection has been directly applied in the pharmaceutical industry, microfluidic technology, microbial improved oil recovery, modelling oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and many other fields. Further, to check the accuracy and validation of the present results, satisfactory concurrence is observed with the existing literature.