Unstable inheritance of maize B-type chromosomes that lack centric heterochromatin

Abstract

The B chromosome of maize undergoes frequent non-disjunction at the second pollen mitosis. In B-A translocations, the B-A chromosome retains the capacity for non-disjunction. We have collected deletion-derivative TB-9Sb stocks. One derivative, the "type 1 telocentric", has a B-9 chromosome that lacks centric heterochromatin. It produces few recessive (non-disjunctional) phenotypes in pollen parent testcrosses of the translocation heterozygote, 9 9-B telo B-9. The finding helped demonstrate the role of centric heterochromatin in non-disjunction. An isochromo some derivative of the type 1 telocentric was also recovered. It was tested in the 9-B 9-B iso B-9 constitution. This is equivalent to 9 9-B telo B-9 in terms of chromosome 9 dosage. Surprisingly, crosses with the isochromosome gave significant levels of recessive phenotypes. In addition, high levels of variegated phenotypes were found. Recently, a circumstance was found that makes inheritance of the type 1 telocentric chromosome somewhat similar to that of the isochromosome. Crosses with hypoploid 9-B 9-B telo B-9 plants showed significant levels of recessive and variegated phenotypes. These crosses were investigated to help explain the source(s) of the phenotypes. Cytological and genetic studies were performed. Centric misdivision was found to account for the variegated phenotypes. A mixture of conventional B non-disjunction and centric misdivision produced the recessive phenotypes. The significance of conventional non-disjunction in the absence of centric heterochromatin is discussed.