Unstable Hemostasis and Specific Postoperative Complications (Literature Review)

Abstract

Perioperative bleeding occupies a leading place among all surgical complications and, despite the rapid developmentof surgery, remains relevant to this day. In addition to an increase in mortality, bleeding can cause the developmentof other postoperative complications, which lead to disability of patients and to a decrease in the quality of life in all agegroups. Most perioperative bleeding are caused by technical errors. This article reviews the problem of perioperativebleeding from the point of view of impaired coagulation capabilities of the body. The main etiopathogenetic featuresof hemostasis during the development of this complication are considered. The analysis of postoperative complications,which were directly or indirectly caused by bleeding during or after surgery, is presented. The prevalence of thesecomplications in various areas of surgery has been demonstrated. More detailed study of the hemostasis system andthe identification of predictors of hemostasis difficulties before the surgery may cause an improvement in the resultsof surgical treatment and reduce the number of postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay. Accordingly, this will lead to a decrease in the cost of treatment and an increase in patient satisfaction with the medicalcare. In connection with the above, there is a great interest among surgeons and anesthesiologists in preventing thedevelopment of perioperative bleeding.