Abstract
We use black holes with a negative cosmological constant to investigate aspects of the freeze-out temperature for hadron production in high energy heavy-ion collisions. The two black hole solutions present in the anti-de Sitter geometry have different mass and are compared to the data showing that the small black hole solution is in good agreement. This is a new feature in the literature since the small black hole in general relativity has different thermodynamic behavior from that of the large black hole solution. We find that the inclusion of the cosmological constant (which can be interpreted as the plasma pressure) leads to a lowering of the temperature of the freeze-out curve as a function of the baryochemical potential, improving the description previously suggested by Castorina, Kharzeev, and Satz.
Highlights
In recent years relativistic heavy-ion collisions at high energies have become a laboratory for exploring new states of matter [1,2,3,4] and for testing exciting new ideas for the description of these novel states [5,6,7,8,9]
We find that the freeze-out temperature is well described by the Hawking temperature of the small anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) charged black hole, providing a very favorable fit to current data
The sections are organized as follows: in Sec. 2 we review antide Sitter spacetime and the hypothesis of interpreting a variable negative cosmological constant as pressure
Summary
In recent years relativistic heavy-ion collisions at high energies have become a laboratory for exploring new states of matter [1,2,3,4] and for testing exciting new ideas for the description of these novel states [5,6,7,8,9]. Following the connection between gravitational properties and particle physics, a conjecture was put forward that color confinement causes the physical vacuum to form an event horizon for quarks and gluons that can only be crossed by quantum tunneling [29, 34]. In this sense hadron production corresponds to a form of Hawking–Unruh radiation in QCD.
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