Abstract
We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of unrepeatered transmission over standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) using several schemes of distributed Raman amplification, including first, second, and dual order. In order to further extend the transmission distance, we utilize advanced bidirectional higher-order ultra-long Raman fiber laser-based amplification, where we use fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to reflect Stokes-shifted light from the secondary pumps. Our work demonstrates the possibility of transmission up to 240-km span length with a total span loss of 52.7 dB. Here, we use a 28-Gbaud signal using a 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation format. Our results highlight the contribution of nonlinear compensation using digital back propagation in a digital signal processor (DSP) code at the receiver.
Highlights
In fiber-optic communications, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with coherent detection is widely deployed due to its good balance between robustness against optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) degradation and spectral efficiency
To maximize the transmission distance while using high-order modulation formats, it is essential to maintain an acceptable OSNR through the system, which is critical while using advanced modulation formats with a large number of constellation points that increase the number of bits transmitted per sample
bit error rate (BER) performance that was to below the forward error correction (FEC) limit in a 240-km unrepeatered transmissions, we could not achieve performance that was below the limit in experiment using any of the proposed higher-order, bidirectional, and hybrid Raman pumping schemes
Summary
In fiber-optic communications, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with coherent detection is widely deployed due to its good balance between robustness against optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) degradation and spectral efficiency. Our results illustrate the potential improvement attainable amplifier design in an unrepeatered standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) span without the need for just through the use of digital back propagation (DBP) adequately combined with careful distributed a remote optically pumped amplifier (ROPA), large effective area, or ultra-low-loss fiber that surely amplifier design in an unrepeatered standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) span without the need could extend the transmission distance even further. We can refer to Reference [10] where for a remote optically pumped amplifier (ROPA), large effective area, or ultra-low-loss fiber that authors presented unrepeatered transmission up to 370 km using combinations of different lowsurely could extend the transmission distance even further.
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