Abstract
The motive behind writing this paper was to highlight the relationship between heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to explore the potential role of HSP70 as a molecular target in AMD therapy. We performed a comprehensive literature search in various databases and finally found 43 relevant studies related to our objective. In our research, we found that in AMD, oxidative stress causes increased inflammation and excessive apoptosis due to the accumulation of aberrant proteins in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The long-lasting overstimulation of the defence system leads to RPE degeneration and results in visual impairment or vision loss. However, after thorough research, it was found that HSP70's role as an immunomodulator, the guardian of the proteolytic pathway and regulator of apoptosis makes it a potential therapeutic target in AMD.
Highlights
BackgroundJane, a 68-year-old white woman, a chronic smoker, was struggling while reading a newspaper under dim light due to occasional distortion of the lines
The motive behind writing this paper was to highlight the relationship between heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to explore the potential role of HSP70 as a molecular target in AMD therapy
The role of HSP70 as an immunomodulatory protein was proposed in a study conducted by Yang et al, and it revealed that in ARPE-19 cells, the overexpression of HSP70 with the help of a co-inducer like arimoclomol significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are commonly associated with AMD, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 were found to be increased [33,34]
Summary
A 68-year-old white woman, a chronic smoker, was struggling while reading a newspaper under dim light due to occasional distortion of the lines. The role of HSP70 as an immunomodulatory protein was proposed in a study conducted by Yang et al, and it revealed that in ARPE-19 cells, the overexpression of HSP70 with the help of a co-inducer like arimoclomol significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are commonly associated with AMD, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 were found to be increased [33,34]. Research studies have explored the potential role of HSP70 co-inducers, such as leucostatin, paeoniflorin, celastrol, and arimoclomol in the protection of health and function of RPE cells These therapeutic protein co-inducers act by facilitating the transcriptional activation of a heat shock promoter, heat shock factor-1, and subsequently induce HSP70 expression [34,40,41]. AMD: age-related macular degeneration, HSP70: heat shock protein 70, RPE: retinal pigment epithelium; ikK, IkB kinase
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