Abstract
This study investigated the impact of loading of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ACC/ZnO-nPs) and zinc oxide nanorods (ACC/ZnO-nRs) on activated carbon cloth (ACC) through the hydrothermal method for the removal and recovery of Cu2+ ions through the capacitive deionization and the membrane capacitive deionization configurations under various voltages. The results showed that an ACC surface coated with ZnO significantly enhanced the electric field, increasing Cu2+ ion adsorption. Both ACC/ZnO-nPs (42.52 F·g−1) and ACC/ZnO-nRs (45.08 F·g−1) showed a greater specific capacitance than pristine ACC (38.43 F·g−1), which greatly assisted in electrosorption. After ten operation cycles, the electrosorption capacity achieved was 8.9 mg.g−1 and 7.9 mg.g−1 for the ACC/ZnO-nRs and ACC/ZnO-nPs, respectively, while the pristine ACC was 6.2 mg.g−1. The enhancement in the adsorption amount and recovery rate of Cu2+ was observed as the potential increased. Using ion exchange membranes (IEMs) increased the adsorption amount of Cu2+ during the charging phase. This study revealed that using zinc oxide nanostructures in the capacitive deionization technique has remarkable potential for selectively removing Cu2+ ions. This technology can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment applications, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly solution.
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