Abstract
In this age, a key target for enhancing the competitiveness of the chemical, environmental and biotechnology industries is to manufacture high-value products more efficiently and especially with significantly reduced environmental impact. Under this premise, the conversion of biomass waste to a high-value added product, biochar, is an interesting approach under the circular economy principles. Thus, the improvements in the biochar production and its new and innovative uses are hot points of interest, which are the focus of vast efforts of the scientific community. Biochar has been recognized as a material of great potential, and its use as an adsorbent is becoming a reliable strategy for the removal of pollutants of different streams, according to its high adsorption capacity and potential to eliminate recalcitrant compounds. In this review, a succinct overview of current actions developed to improve the adsorption capability of biochar, mainly of heavy metal and organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products), is summarized and discussed, and the principal adsorption mechanisms are described. The feedstock and the production procedure are revealed as key factors that provide the appropriate physicochemical characteristics for the good performance of biochar as an adsorbent. In addition, the modification of the biochar by the different described approaches proved their feasibility and became a good strategy for the design of selective adsorbents. In the last part of this review, the novel prospects in the regeneration of the biochar are presented in order to achieve a clean technology for alleviating the water pollution challenge.
Highlights
Nowadays, the environmental crisis and vulnerabilities have attracted the attention of researchers to the hunt for new green and friendly strategies for increasing resources [1]
The problems derived from the presence in the aquatic environment of heavy metals, which are not susceptible to degradation, and organic pollutants, usually characterized by their low concentration, request the application of separation technology, such as adsorption
The recent advances in the efficient production of engineering biochar that increase the application of adsorption process as the primary separation technology are highlighted
Summary
The environmental crisis and vulnerabilities have attracted the attention of researchers to the hunt for new green and friendly strategies for increasing resources [1]. The current linear economic system stands out diametrically from the life cycle of nature, in which there is no garbage or landfills are reused for other different stages In this context, in recent years, the replacement of conventional sources with recoverable wastes has set the pace for the achievement of genuinely revolutionary processes from an environmental perspective [2]. Basedononthe theincreasing increasinginterest interest in in its its use review will focus onon analyzing the effect effect of ofmain mainproduction productionvariables variables biochar, focus analyzingthe themost mostrecent recentstudies studies on on the in in thethe biochar, discussing their influence in the application to wastewater remediation and evaluating the different discussing their influence in the application to wastewater remediation and evaluating the different strategies employed in in order to enhance thethe uptake capacity of this low-cost adsorbents. An economic analysis is performed, and future prospects areprospects analyzed.are analyzed
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