Unravelling The Cause and Consequences of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing traumatic or potentially life-threatening events, that has grown in prevalence due to global conflicts, natural disasters, and domestic violence. When a victim experiences trauma such as death or serious injury, three dimensions of PTSD develop: re-experience the event, Symptoms of trauma may include distressing memories, dreams, flashbacks, and physical distress, as well as avoidance of triggers and increased arousal. Traumatic events cause stress, which leads to a variety of psychosocial and physiological outcomes. PTSD has significant psychobiological correlates that can impair a person's daily life and be life-threatening. Given current events (for example, extended combat, terrorism, and exposure to certain environmental toxins), a significant increase in PTSD diagnoses is expected over the next decade. PTSD is a serious public health concern, necessitating the development of new paradigms and theoretical models to gain a better understanding of the condition and develop new and improved treatment interventions. therefore, understanding the specific causes of PTSD and how it affects patients is critical for both clinical practice and scientific research. To treat PTSD, nonpharmacologic interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), antianxiety medications, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics are recommended. This review of PTSD will help readers gain a better understanding of the PTSD condition and probable causes that contribute to PTSD disease and explore the influence on the patient himself after suffering from PTSD. It discusses the ways to improve the ability to recognize and treat it, appreciate the internist's role in managing it, and help to enhance the quality of life of people suffering from PTSD.