Abstract
Cambay rift basin is the only geothermal province in India that hosts several saline thermal water manifestations having EC values varying from 525 to 10,860 μS/cm. Various ionic ratios (Na/Cl, Br/Cl, Ca/(SO4 + HCO3), SO4/Cl) as well as boron isotopic composition (δ11B = 40.5 to 46 ‰) clearly ascribes the presence of fossil (relics of evaporated seawater) seawater as origin of increased salinity in the majority of thermal waters. Depleted isotopic (δ18O, δ2H) composition of these thermal waters also substantiates the presence of paleowater in these systems. In rest of the thermal waters, agricultural return flow is found to be source of dissolved solutes as confirmed from different bivariate plots such as B/Cl vs. Br/Cl and δ11B vs. B/Cl as well as from ionic ratios. This study thus provides the diagnostic tools to elucidate the source of variable salinity in the thermal waters circulating in the Cambay rift basin, India.
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