Unraveling the Origins, Evolution, and Contemporary Applications of qili qiji 契理契机

Abstract

Abstract This article presents a historical exploration of the concept of qili qiji 契理契机 (according with the [core] principles [of Buddhism] and the circumstances or capacities [of sentient beings]) in the context of Buddhist thought from the Eastern Jin era (317–420 CE) to contemporary times, examining its origins, development, and dissemination, and the progressive expansion of its definition. The study explores the significance of qili qiji in the writings and discussions of influential figures and organizations in the domain of “Buddhism for the Human Realm” (renjian fojiao 人间佛教), such as Taixu 太虚, Yin Shun 印顺, Sheng-yen 圣严, Hsing Yun 星云, Zhao Puchu 赵朴初, and the Buddhist Association of China. Lastly, the study investigates the adoption of this term beyond the Buddhist community, specifically its incorporation into the official discourse of governmental religious affairs departments and its usage within other religions such as Daoism.