Unraveling the Molecular Complexity of Eosinophil Dynamics in Sickle Cell Anemia: An Overview of the Literature

Abstract

Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to distorted red blood cells and a myriad of clinical complications. Recent research has highlighted the role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of SCA, emphasizing the need to explore their dynamics from a molecular perspective. This review synthesizes current knowledge on seven key aspects of eosinophil involvement in SCA, shedding light on the intricate molecular mechanisms driving their activation, recruitment, and impact on disease progression. We delve into the molecular crosstalk between eosinophils and cytokine signaling, their contribution to endothelial dysfunction, and their role in oxidative stress. Furthermore, the review examines the molecular basis of eosinophil-induced vaso-occlusive crises and the formation of eosinophil extracellular traps. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic implications of understanding eosinophil dynamics in SCA and propose future research directions. This comprehensive exploration aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular intricacies underlying eosinophil involvement in SCA, paving the way for targeted therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden of this debilitating disease.