Unraveling the impact of mono- or di-cationic ionic liquids on sodium deoxycholate aggregation and their interactions with ciprofloxacin

Abstract

The interaction study between drugs and surfactants grasps significant attention in the field of pharmacology and for the advancement in pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, a mixed micellar system composed of sodium deoxycholate and either mono- or di-cationic ionic liquids was proposed. The main objective was to evaluate the aggregation behaviour of NaDC in the presence of mono or di-cationic ionic liquids and its ability to interact with ciprofloxacin. Although mixed micellar systems using imidazolium-based monocationic ionic liquids have been actively researched, the potential of di-cationic ionic liquid has not yet been explored. Therefore, in the present work imidazolium-based monocationic ionic liquid ([C10(mIm)]Br) and corresponding di-cationic ionic liquid ([C10(mIm)2]2Br) with bromide as a common anion were synthesized and evaluated their effect on the aggregation behavior of sodium deoxycholate. The aggregation behaviour of these micellar and mixed micellar systems was evaluated using conductivity and fluorescence experiments by determining the critical micellar concentration. Additionally, dynamic light scattering experiments were conducted to comprehend the size of the aggregates that are formed, and zeta potential was measured to determine the surface charge of the micelles which in turn helps to determine the stability of the aggregates formed. The interaction study between micellar or mixed micellar systems with ciprofloxacin was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy. The Benesi-Hildebrand equation was employed to scrutinize the interaction parameters of micellar and mixed micellar systems with CIP, revealing that the mixed micellar system containing [C10(mIm)]Br exhibited the greatest binding affinity towards CIP.