Abstract
Microbial volatiles benefit the agricultural ecological system by promoting plant growth and systemic resistance against diseases without harming the environment. To explore the plant growth-promoting efficiency of VOCs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 and Bacillus subtilis KA9 in terms of chili plant growth and its biocontrol efficiency against Ralstonia solanacearum, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. A closure assembly was designed using a half-inverted plastic bottle to demonstrate plant–microbial interactions via volatile compounds. The most common volatile organic compounds were identified and reported; they promoted plant development and induced systemic resistance (ISR) against wilt pathogen R. solanacearum. The PDS1 and KA9 VOCs significantly increased defensive enzyme activity and overexpressed the antioxidant genes PAL, POD, SOD, WRKYa, PAL1, DEF-1, CAT-2, WRKY40, HSFC1, LOX2, and NPR1 related to plant defense. The overall gene expression was greater in root tissue as compared to leaf tissue in chili plant. Our findings shed light on the relationship among rhizobacteria, pathogen, and host plants, resulting in plant growth promotion, disease suppression, systemic resistance-inducing potential, and antioxidant response with related gene expression in the leaf and root tissue of chili.
Highlights
GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds Produced by Rhizobacteria Strains
To examine how microbial volatile compounds can impact the growth of R. solonacearum cells, we examined the pathogen growth under the influence of rhizobacteria producing volatile compounds
Electron microscopy revealed that most of the R. solanacearum cells became irregularly shaped due to disintegration of the cell wall, with most of the cells bursting and dying in the presence of volatile compounds secreted from the Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Figure 3)
Summary
Bacterial wilt is a catastrophic soil-borne disease that affects nearly 450 crop species, primarily those belonging to the Solanaceae family [1,2]. Bacterial wilt is found all over the world in tropical and subtropical climates [3]. In the management of soil-borne plant diseases, the biological control approach is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and simple-to-implement strategy. Plant growth-promoting bacteria are considered the greatest biocontrol agents, with the ability to inhibit the population of pathogenic microbes and induce systemic resistance in plants against disease [4]. Antimicrobial compound production, nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, and mineral solubilization are some
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