Abstract
By combining the high resolution hard and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the Yb 3d and 4f states in the strongly correlated electron system, YbInCu 4 , are studied. After high accuracy experimental determination of the four unknown physical quantities such as the valence values and thicknesses of the surface and sub-surface regions, genuine behaviors of the Kondo resonance as well as the electronic structures in the bulk and sub-surface are clarified. A clear first order valence transition in the bulk and a gradual valence change in the sub-surface region with temperature are revealed.
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