Unraveling Drug Safety: Importance of Toxicological Screening and Animal Models in Pharmacokinetics Studies for Clinical Medicinal Impact

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of a drug is an important factor in determining the safety of the drug. In this review, we focus on the importance of the toxicological screening and the methods using various animal models to determine any signs of toxicity in the drug substance. The toxicity data acquired is used to determine the relationship among the serum composition and the toxicity results, as well as their purpose and importance to the drug's clinical medicinal impacts. in silico models which generally utilize the help of computers study the parameters of ADME in an artificial environment and generally costlier model i.e., animal model is used in the later stages of testing of medications potency and hazards. In vitro studies are conducted in rats and are conducted firstly to offer data for different regions of body favoring pharmacological investigations. The radiation levels determined by quantitative whole-body autoradiography amongst various tissues at different point of time are important to study that why some compounds fail to exhibit favorable PK during preclinical ADME screening, this information could be immensely helpful to medicinal chemists for improvement of the weak backbones. Preclinical studies are modest, but they can become better if all the test procedure are followed in the right manner and right evidence is provided which highlights the desired biological effect at the same time risk assessment methods should also take place in case of any severe adverse effects.