Abstract
The transformation of biomass, a carbon resource presenting a huge potential to produce valuable chemicals, requires the search for sustainable catalytic routes. This work proposes the microwave-assisted oxidation of biomass -derived substrates, such as glycerol and the furfural derivatives 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HFCA), using the C-scorpionate dichloro-gold(III) complex [AuCl2(κ2-Tpm)]Cl (Tpm = HCpz3; pz = pyrazol-1-yl) as a catalyst, as prepared and supported on graphene, in solvent-free conditions. The unprecedented application of a mechanochemical procedure (in a planetary ball mill, in solid state) to synthesize a C-scorpionate complex, the [AuCl2(κ2-Tpm)]Cl, is disclosed. The immobilization of [AuCl2(κ2-Tpm)]Cl on graphene was performed using different methods, including some (e.g., microwave irradiation and liquid assisted grinding) for the first time. The structural properties and the performance of the prepared catalytic materials are presented and discussed.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralGlobal warming is presented as one of humanity’s major concerns, with the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the continuous generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the dramatic increase of the world’s population [1]
The C-scorpionate gold(III) complex [AuCl2 (Tpm)]Cl was prepared by mechanochemical dry synthesis, using a planetary ball mill reactor
The microwave-assisted oxidation reactions were performed in the presence of the above prepared materials as catalysts: [AuCl2 (κ2 -the C-scorpionate gold(III) complex [AuCl2 (Tpm))]Cl prepared by mechanochemical synthesis ([AuCl2 (κ2 -Tpm)]Cl_BM) and in liquid phase ([AuCl2 (κ2 -Tpm)]Cl_LP), and graphene heterogenized [AuCl2 (κ2 -Tpm)]Cl by wet impregnation (WI), MW, and liquid assisted grinding (LAG)
Summary
Global warming is presented as one of humanity’s major concerns, with the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the continuous generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the dramatic increase of the world’s population [1]. An effective utilization of glycerol by its efficient conversion into value-added bio-based commodities (Scheme 1) would have a very positive effect on biodiesel production economics, with its demand forecast to increase with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 362 very positive effect on biodiesel production economics, with its demand forecast to inin the following years [4,5]. Crease in the following years [4,5].ItItalso alsooffers offers aa great great alternative fossil feeddependence, decrease the CO emissions in this sector, and boost cleaner, more stocks’ dependence, decrease the CO2 emissions in this sector, and boost cleaner, more efficient, modern, and better-oriented industries thatthat areare able to to satisfy for efficient, modern, and better-oriented industries able satisfythe theincreasing increasing demand deeco-friendly, safer, and healthier products. Products resulting from from glycerol oxidation [4,5]. [4,5]
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