Unpolished Thai rice prevents ACF formation and dysplastic progression in AOM-induced rats and induces apoptosis through redox alteration in CaCo-2 cells.

Achiraya Tammasakchai,Prasit Suwannalert,Suda Riengrojpitak,Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2827

Achiraya Tammasakchai, Prasit Suwannalert + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2827

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is associated with colon carcinogenesis including aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and it plays an important role in pathophysiological changes in cancer cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary unpolished Thai rice (UTR) on ACF formation and dysplastic progression in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. Anti-cancer efficacy of UTR regarding apoptotic induction and oxidative redox status in human colon cancer (CaCo-2) cells was also investigated. Rats given 20% and 70% of UTR in the diet showed significantly and dose-dependently decreased total number of ACF. UTR treatment also was strongly associated with the low percentage of dysplastic progression and mucin depletion. In addition, we found that UTR significantly induced cancer cell apoptosis, increased cellular oxidants, and decreased the level of GSH/GSSG ratio in CaCo-2 cells. Our study suggests that UTR supplementation may be a useful strategy for CRC prevention with the inhibition of precancerous progression, with induction of cancer cell apoptosis through redox alteration.

Highlights

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC) which appear as the larger crypts and thicker layer of epithelial linings with slightly elevate and protrude toward the lumen (Bird and Good, 2000)
Oxidative stress is associated with colon carcinogenesis including aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and it plays an important role in pathophysiological changes in cancer cells
Our study suggests that unpolished Thai rice (UTR) supplementation may be a useful strategy for CRC prevention with the inhibition of precancerous progression, with induction of cancer cell apoptosis through redox alteration

Summary

Introduction

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC) which appear as the larger crypts and thicker layer of epithelial linings with slightly elevate and protrude toward the lumen (Bird and Good, 2000). Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and an eliminating system (Lobo et al, 2010), it is widely accepted as a major cause of CRC development (Perse, 2013). The excessive level of oxidative stress above a certain threshold can cause apoptotic induction in various cancer cells (Pelicano et al, 2004). GSH/GSSG ratio acts as a major thiol redox system (Aw, 2003; Circu and Aw, 2012) which plays a crucial role in cellular function (Traverso et al, 2013). The low level of GSH/GSSG ratio during oxidative stress may associate with cellular oxidants related to cancer cell death (Halliwell, 1994; Traverso et al, 2013)

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