Abstract
We investigate the transverse-momentum dependence of sea quark asymmetries in helium and deuteron nuclei. Accordingly, we calculate the nuclear sea quark distributions, in the first step, based on the modified chiral quark exchange formalism at the low Q 2 scale (Q 2 = 0.35 GeV2) in the nonperturbative region of quantum chromodynamics. In this formalism, the sea quark distributions are not symmetric because of chiral symmetry breaking. In the next step, we compute the transverse-momentum dependence of sea quark distributions using the covariant parton model, in which the unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) quark distribution functions are related to corresponding integrated ones. Finally, we obtain TMD quark–antiquark asymmetry of the strange sea for 3 He and deuteron, and also asymmetry for 3 He. To study the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect in the 3 He nucleus, we determine the ratio of the TMD strange sea asymmetries of 3 He and deuteron.
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