Unpacking the application of Q methodology for use in occupational therapy research

Abstract

Background Occupational therapy research has not fully utilized available research methods when exploring occupational therapists’ views on specific interventions and service provision nor when exploring consumer priorities and the impact of occupational therapy services. Q methodology, a quantitative method for the systematic assessment of qualitative data, is an approach that can be used to examine viewpoints related to occupational therapy. Aims/objectives To add experiential knowledge to guide researchers new to navigating Q methodology and encourage researchers to consider the application of Q methodology when exploring viewpoints pertinent to occupational therapy practice and research. Material and methods The application of Q methodology in published occupational therapy and occupational science research is identified, and an experience-based review of Q methods undertaken. Results More detailed explanation and reflection on each stage of Q methodology, including the factor analysis stage, than is currently available in the literature is presented to support successful implementation of this method. Conclusion Sharing experience in implementing Q methodology may inform and encourage researchers in its use as one method for bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative data. Significance The rigor of the method's processes may add credibility to identified viewpoints and how they could inform occupational therapy practice. Key messages Q methodology can be used in occupational therapy research to explore consumer and therapist viewpoints regarding interventions, service provision, priorities and the profession itself. Q methodology employs a specific, repeatable process within each stage of the research process to ensure rigour. Q methodology provides an approach to combining qualitative research methods with quantitative analysis techniques to understand the viewpoints of interest.