Abstract
Abstract. The risk of disappearing of cultural heritage of archaeological sites is directly related to the protection level by the corresponding administrations. This is the case of Cortijo Nuevo, an archaeological site with no known precedents in the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age. The recent development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) used as platform carrying digital cameras, let to adapt the well-known classical Photogrammetry technique, in conjunction with Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) algorithms, for very high accurate surveying of the terrain. In this work, several digital cartographic products including point cloud, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and orthoimage were obtained from UAV-Photogrammetric flight with the purpose of document and virtual reconstruction of a damaged archaeological site. All the technical prescriptions of the flight and photogrammetric project were designed for accurately representing the state of the terrain in both epochs, current and previous to damage. The quality control for quantify planimetric and altimetric errors, based on 33 ground control points, showed RMSExy = 0.0246 m, RMSEz = 0.0262 m and the total error sum of 0.0359 m. An integration of virtual 3D archaeological structures with the obtained terrain models was carried out through augmented reality technology, based on the information obtained in this work.
Highlights
Cultural heritage conservation in archaeological sites where the elements has been damaged or even destroyed can be carried out through virtual reconstruction (Achille et al, 2015; De Reu et al, 2013; Hendrickx et al, 2011) based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-Photogrammetry (Chiabrando et al, 2011; Mesas-Carrascosa et al, 2016; MozasCalvache et al, 2012; Wolf and Dewitt, 2014) and augmented reality technology (Martínez-Carricondo et al, 2019)
For more detailed information about UAV Photogrammetric applications, see (Eisenbeiß et al, 2009; Sauerbier and Eisenbeiss, 2010) This is the case of Cortijo Nuevo, a Bronce Age archaeological site located in southern Spain, currently almost destroyed by deliberated man actions and wrong protection policies (CarvajalRamírez et al, 2019; Gusi et al, 2010)
Was based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device that let to UAV to stablishing at waypoints
Summary
Cultural heritage conservation in archaeological sites where the elements has been damaged or even destroyed can be carried out through virtual reconstruction (Achille et al, 2015; De Reu et al, 2013; Hendrickx et al, 2011) based on UAV-Photogrammetry (Chiabrando et al, 2011; Mesas-Carrascosa et al, 2016; MozasCalvache et al, 2012; Wolf and Dewitt, 2014) and augmented reality technology (Martínez-Carricondo et al, 2019). Archaeologists and experts can formulate their hypothesis based on 3D reconstructions and augmented reality, about geometry and possible functions of structures in damaged or destroyed archaeological site. In previous archaeological campaigns were recorded a set of mound structures made of stones, distributed in a systematic way according to the contours levels of the terrain, and interconnected one each other.
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