Unleashing the potential of field bean through gamma irradiation: A study on seed germination, mutation frequency and correlation analysis

Abstract

A comprehensive experiment was undertaken to explore the frequency of mutations and the interrelationships among various parameters in a population of irradiated field beans (Lablab purpureus var. lignosus (L.) Prain). Cobalt (60Co) was used as the radiation source, and field bean seeds from the highly renowned TFB-2 variety were sown in both petri plates and polybags after being exposed to several dosages of gamma radiation (10kR, 20kR, 30kR, 40kR, 50kR and 60kR). Untreated seeds were utilised as the control. After seven days, the germination rate in petri plates was evaluated. The percentage of germination ranged from 35.55 to 80.00% in petri plates and from 33.33% to 80.95% in polybags for various gamma radiation dosages. The percentage of germination in petri plates and polybags for the untreated control group was 93.33% and 93.65%, respectively. With an increase in irradiation dose, a gradual decrease in germination rate and seedling growth was seen. Probit analysis revealed that the LD50 value was 30kR. Further 1000 seeds were irradiated with 30kR and sown to raise the M1 generation along with the unirradiated seeds as control. Among the 1000 seeds only 392 plants survived and in these population mutation frequency and correlation were analyzed. Mutation frequency shows superiority of a plant parameter over mean of control. Varied mutation frequencies were observed in the irradiated plants on the basis of phenotypes. The mutants M205, M184, M169, M76, M258, M317, M155, M167, M111, M161, M162, M111, M76, M317 and M155 were chosen and advanced to M2 generation for additional research as putative mutants after the data in M1 generation revealed their superiority in terms of the number of primary branches per plant, pod and seed yield per plant. To decipher the intricate interplay of correlations, we examined associations between growth attributes and yield. These insights empower breeders to select plants with traits harmoniously aligned with pod yield per plant, fostering the cultivation of excellence. In conclusion, our research journey into field bean’s hidden realms revealed captivating mutation frequencies, intriguing correlations, and valuable insights for breeders. Through the magic of irradiation, we unveiled nature’s adaptability and harnessed its potential for enhanced cultivation.