Abstract
This paper investigates how universities affect formation of new knowledge intensive ventures in conditions of post-socialistic country of Eastern Europe, depending on character of university spill-overs. Using tools of spatial econometry, we investigate how graduates rollout by universities and knowledge spill-overs on basis of interpersonal relationships between entrepreneurs and senior academic researchers determines emergence of knowledge intensive ventures in Slovakia, while we distinguish between total number of knowledge intensive firms (KIF), knowledge intensive manufacturing ventures (KIM), knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) and knowledge intensive services (KIS). Our estimates of spatial Durbin models indicate that even in conditions of country that lacks universities carrying out top-excellent research, university spill-overs affects formation of knowledge intensive ventures, but only in case of services, while spill-overs in form of graduate rollout are significantly localized.
Highlights
The attempts to describe the trajectories, or the spatial "range" of academic knowledge spill-overs led to a passionate scientific debate in economy, economic geography and regional science (Melichová et al 2017; Kowalska, 2016; Raudeliuniene et al 2018) Universities have been first time investigated as a determinant of localization of high-tech industries using regression tools by Markusen et al (1986)
It still should be noted that 14 of 36 universities are allocated in capital city Bratislava, as can be observed on map 1, where we can see that university graduates concentrate mainly in Bratislava, second biggest Slovak city Košice that is center of eastern Slovakia and in several other cities that are centers of NUTS III regions – Trnava, Nitra, Trenčín Banská Bystrica, Žilina and Prešov
Considering results for knowledge spill-overs from university measured by number of professors, we find no support for H1 hypothesis, as coefficient of professors took negative value
Summary
The attempts to describe the trajectories, or the spatial "range" of academic knowledge spill-overs led to a passionate scientific debate in economy, economic geography and regional science (Melichová et al 2017; Kowalska, 2016; Raudeliuniene et al 2018) Universities have been first time investigated as a determinant of localization of high-tech industries using regression tools by Markusen et al (1986) In their cross-sectional OLS regression with data for 264 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States, they included public research funding to universities as a control variable. Their results suggest only small positive impact of hierarchical knowledge distribution, only for manufacturing equipment industry
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