Abstract

Abstract Although US law protects environmental-justice (EJ) whistleblowers from retaliation when they are federal-government, private-financial-sector, or private-environment-related-sector employees, university EJ scientists who blow the whistle on polluters have little federal protection if these polluters retaliate by charging them with research misconduct (RM). For instance, the lead industry retaliated against University of Pittsburgh physician Herb Needleman, charging him with RM after his research showed harmful effects of lead on inner-city children. Chemical-industry-funded Ed Calabrese retaliated against University of Notre Dame biologist/philosopher Kristin Shrader-Frechette, after her research showed harms from low-dose-chemical exposures, particularly on people of color. Why does massive polluter retaliation against university EJ researchers continue? This article suggests that one reason is lack of public awareness of the problem. Because few university EJ researchers publicize their accoun...

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