Abstract
Universities play a crucial role in the systems of innovation by transferring the results of R&D activities to society and industry. This contribution is even more important in the Ibero-American countries given that the other critical ‘player’ (i.e., the industry) exercises a less active role in the development of innovation compared to the OECD countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the knowledge transfer activities of the Ibero-American Higher Education Systems over the period 2000-2010. Using that database by Barro (2015), this study provides an accurate diagnosis of the Ibero-American universities’ performance in knowledge transfer, suggesting a number of practical implications for university decision-makers.
Highlights
Universities play a critical role in the ecosystem of innovation (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 2000)
This study provides an accurate diagnosis of the Ibero-American universities’ performance in knowledge transfer, which allows us to suggest a number of practical implications
There has been more available information for those countries that make up the higher education systems of the Ibero-American region, namely Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal and Spain, the paper analyses a range of countries wider than in the previous studies by Santelices (2010) or by Cruz (2014)
Summary
Universities play a critical role in the ecosystem of innovation (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 2000). There has been more available information for those countries that make up the higher education systems of the Ibero-American region, namely Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal and Spain, the paper analyses a range of countries wider than in the previous studies by Santelices (2010) or by Cruz (2014) Following this introduction, the section describes the human and financial resource endowment allocated to academic R&D. With the exception of Portugal, where the number of PhD graduates in this area represented 21% of the total PhD graduates in 2010, they are around 15% or less in the rest of the countries for which data are available These figures show that the region’s university research still suffer from a low specialization in ‘horizontal’ scientific areas, i.e., with a transversal impact in various industries, such as Engineering, Sciences related to materials and Computer Technology and Interdisciplinary research. This distribution usually follows a centralizing trend around large cities (in Argentina, Brazil or Chile), as well as public universities, because private HEIs, with a few exceptions, still focus their offer on teaching (in Mexico)
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