Abstract
We outline the basic ideas and analyze the possibilities of the quantum birth of universes inside regular black holes with the de Sitter interior replacing a singularity. We compare different cases and show that the most plausible case is the birth of a flat universe from an initial quantum fluctuation with a small admixture of radiation and strings with the negative deficit angle, which provides the existence of a potential barrier needed for quantum tunneling.
Highlights
IntroductionIn 1990 Farhi, Guth, and Guven proposed the model with the little initial bubble arising without a singularity [5]
The idea of a de Sitter vacuum replacing a singularity has been suggested as early as 1966 by Sakharov, who considered p = −ρ as one of the possible equations of state at super-high densities [1], and by Gliner who interpreted p = −ρ as the equation of state of a vacuum with a non-zero density and assumed that it could be a final state in a gravitational collapse [2]
Choosing some value from an admissible range, e.g., (k − Bs ) ' 3 × 10−6, we find three possible cases for the matter content of the initial fluctuation in the quantum birth of a universe [48]: (1) A closed universe, k = 1; Bs ' (1 − 3 × 10−6 ), born in the presence of strings or some other quintessence with p = −ρ/3, whose density ρs is comparable with the density of the de Sitter vacuum ρ0 in (11)
Summary
In 1990 Farhi, Guth, and Guven proposed the model with the little initial bubble arising without a singularity [5] Quantum effects allow it to tunnel into the larger bubble which disappears beyond the black hole horizon of an outside observer, whereas on the inside region the bubble would classically evolve towards a new universe [5]. Oshita and Yokoyama [10] studied appearance of an inflationary universe beyond a wormhole throat, as initiated by a phase transition with symmetry restoration inside a thin-wall bubble around an evaporating black hole [11] In this model, the thin-wall boundary of a false vacuum bubble induces quantum tunneling to a wormhole-like configuration, with exponentially expanding space beyond the wormhole throat filled with the false vacuum, interpreted as creation of a new inflationary universe in the final stage of the black hole evaporation.
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