Universality of the Principle of Sufficiency for Ultrasonic Technologies in Liquid Media

Abstract

Using an ultrasonic technology as an example, we showed the validity and universality of the principle of sufficiency proposed by Dobatkin for various economics fields. A 25-mm-thick compacted material having no solid granules is fabricated when a stream of a molten grade 1973 alloy with high transition metal contents (0.63% Zr, 0.27% Cr, 0.88% Ni) is subjected to ultrasonic gas spraying at a pressure of 25 MPa and an acoustic treatment level of 164 dB. The layer-by-layer joining of solid–liquid granules takes place at 25–35% liquid phase. No primary transition metal intermetallics are observed in the structure of the compacted material. This structure is homogeneous, the average grain size is 5–10 μm, and the dendritic parameter does not exceed 10 μm. Therefore, a traditional granulation technology can be replaced by ultrasonic gas spraying to solve certain problems, such as the production of thin-walled sheets of high-strength or high-temperature aluminum alloys. A colloidal solution with a ζ potential of –15.4 mV and an average nanoparticle size of 200 nm is fabricated during the action of ultrasound on elemental selenium granules in distilled water by an and-face waveguide at a frequency of 22.4 kHz and a power of 300 W. As a result, we fabricated biologically active selenium-containing substances without chemically synthesized substances for medicine and agriculture purposes.