Universality in incompressible active fluid: Effect of nonlocal shear stress.

Abstract

Phase transitions in active fluids attracted significant attention within the last decades. Recent results show [L. Chen etal., New J. Phys. 17, 042002 (2015)10.1088/1367-2630/17/4/042002] that an order-disorder phase transition in incompressible active fluids belongs to a new universality class. In this work, we further investigate this type of phase transition and focus on the effect of long-range interactions. This is achieved by introducing a nonlocal shear stress into the hydrodynamic description, which leads to superdiffusion of the velocity field, and can be viewed as a result of the active particles performing Lévy walks. The universal properties in the critical region are derived by performing a perturbative renormalization group analysis of the corresponding response functional within the one-loop approximation. We show that the effect of nonlocal shear stress decreases the upper critical dimension of the model, and can lead to the irrelevance of the active fluid self-advection with the resulting model belonging to an unusual long-range Model A universality class not reported before, to our knowledge. Moreover, when the degree of nonlocality is sufficiently high all nonlinearities become irrelevant and the mean-field description is valid in any spatial dimension.