Universal trimers emerging from a spin-orbit-coupled Fermi sea

Abstract

We report the existence of a universal trimer state induced by an impurity interacting with a two-component spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas in two dimensions. In the zero-density limit with a vanishing Fermi sea, the trimer is stabilized by the symmetry of the single-particle spectrum under spin-orbit coupling, and is therefore universal against the short-range details of the interaction potential. When the Fermi energy increases, we show that the trimer is further stabilized by particle-hole fluctuations over a considerable parameter region. We map out the phase diagram consisting of trimers, dimers, and polarons, and discuss the detection of these states using radio-frequency spectroscopy. The universal trimer revealed in our work is a direct manifestation of intriguing three-body correlations emerging from a many-body environment, which, in our case, is cooperatively supported by the single-particle spectral symmetry and the collective particle-hole excitations.