Abstract
Nanostructure incorporation into devices plays a key role in improving performance, yet processes for preparing two-dimensional (2D) arrays of colloidal nanoparticles tend not to be universally applicable, particularly for soft and oxygen-sensitive substrates for organic and perovskite-based electronics. Here, we show a method of transferring reverse micelle-deposited (RMD) nanoparticles (perovskite and metal oxide) on top of an organic layer, using a functionalized graphene carrier layer for transfer printing. As the technique can be applied universally to RMD nanoparticles, we used magnetic (γ-Fe2O3) and luminescent (methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3)) nanoparticles to validate the transfer-printing methodology. The strong photoluminescence from the MAPbBr3 under UV illumination and high intrinsic field of the γ-Fe2O3 as measured by magnetic force microscopy (MFM), coupled with Raman measurements of the graphene layer, confirm that all components survive the transfer-printing process with little loss of properties. Such an approach to introducing uniform 2D arrays of nanoparticles onto sensitive substrates opens up new avenues to tune the device interfacial properties.
Highlights
Incorporation of nanostructures into devices has been applied in a variety of advanced technological fields, including organic photovoltaics, displays, sensors, photonics, micromechanical systems, microfluidics, and microelectronics.[1−5] Nanostructures for nanopatterning used to enhance device performance can be from a wide variety of materials, including noble metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, and dielectric salts.[2,3,6−8]Size monodispersity and control of two-dimensional (2D) order are important when incorporating nanoparticles in optoelectronic devices, as heterogeneity is a key roadblock in the development of nanoparticle-based applications.[9]
The micelles together with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene are plasma-etched in oxygen to remove the polymeric shell, with the graphene transformed into a reduced graphene oxide-like structure, as we have described previously.[45−47] For certain nanoparticles, the plasma is used to convert the precursor into the desired material
The transfer results of the activated graphene are demonstrated by the post-transfer optical images and Raman measurements
Summary
Incorporation of nanostructures into devices has been applied in a variety of advanced technological fields, including organic photovoltaics, displays, sensors, photonics, micromechanical systems, microfluidics, and microelectronics.[1−5] Nanostructures for nanopatterning used to enhance device performance can be from a wide variety of materials, including noble metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, and dielectric salts.[2,3,6−8]. Used to transfer large-area chemical vapor deposition (CVD)grown graphene for graphene-based organic photovoltaics, field-effect transistors and resonators,[35−41] these approaches generally suffer from polymer residue contamination from the stamp, or tears and wrinkles in the graphene layer, limiting their use.[37,40,41] Recently, Feng et al reported a direct transfer method for CVD graphene on Cu using the target organic layer as the holder substrate, which avoids the process of having unnecessary organic contaminants.[42] In this contribution, we discuss our modification of Feng’s approach to successfully transfer reverse micelle-deposited (RMD) nanoparticles using functionalized graphene as a mechanical support. Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) confirmed the successful transfer and stabilization of the nanoparticles on an organic surface using the modified graphene
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