Abstract
The Internet of Everything (IoE) is a recently introduced information and communication technology (ICT) framework promising for extending the human connectivity to the entire universe, which itself can be regarded as a natural IoE, an interconnected network of everything we perceive. The countless number of opportunities that can be enabled by IoE through a blend of heterogeneous ICT technologies across different scales and environments and a seamless interface with the natural IoE impose several fundamental challenges, such as interoperability, ubiquitous connectivity, energy efficiency, and miniaturization. The key to address these challenges is to advance our communication technology to match the multi-scale, multi-modal, and dynamic features of the natural IoE. To this end, we introduce a new communication device concept, namely the universal IoE transceiver, that encompasses transceiver architectures that are characterized by multi-modality in communication (with modalities such as molecular, RF/THz, optical and acoustic) and in energy harvesting (with modalities such as mechanical, solar, biochemical), modularity, tunability, and scalability. Focusing on these fundamental traits, we provide an overview of the opportunities that can be opened up by micro/nanoscale universal transceiver architectures towards realizing the IoE applications. We also discuss the most pressing challenges in implementing such transceivers and briefly review the open research directions. Our discussion is particularly focused on the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the IoE physical layer, which can enable the efficient and effective design of higher-level techniques. We believe that such universal transceivers can pave the way for seamless connection and communication with the universe at a deeper level and pioneer the construction of the forthcoming IoE landscape.Index Terms– Internet of Everything, Universal IoE Transceiver, Interoperability, Multi-modality, Hybrid Energy Harvesting, Molecular Communications, THz Communications, Graphene and related nanomaterials.
Highlights
The ever-growing demand for high data rates and low latency coupled with the exponential increase in the number of interconnected devices has been met by the evolution and diversification of the conventional communication technologies, moving towards higher frequency bands, e.g., mm-Wave and THz bands (Akyildiz et al, 2020)
We introduce a new communication device concept, namely the universal Internet of Everything (IoE) transceiver, that encompasses transceiver architectures that are characterized by multi-modality in communication and in energy harvesting, modularity, tunability, and scalability
Focusing on these fundamental traits, we provide an overview of the opportunities that can be opened up by micro/nanoscale universal transceiver architectures towards realizing the IoE applications
Summary
The ever-growing demand for high data rates and low latency coupled with the exponential increase in the number of interconnected devices has been met by the evolution and diversification of the conventional communication technologies, moving towards higher frequency bands, e.g., mm-Wave and THz bands (Akyildiz et al, 2020). We coin the universal IoE transceiver as an umbrella term, which encompasses all transceiver devices that are characterized by the key IoE attributes, such as multi-modality, modularity, tunability, and scalability, and can be embedded into any entity or device to transform them into IoE devices Combinations of these traits have already been considered in the literature for various communication devices and networks, those studies are limited to particular communication technologies and applications, and away from providing general insights into transceiver architectures that can address the IoE challenges. Our discussion is focused on physical layer challenges, we occasionally extend it to higher layers to provide a broader perspective
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