Abstract
We propose a protocol for creating moving, robust dispersive shock waves in interacting one-dimensional Bose fluids. The fluid is prepared in a moving state by phase imprinting and sent against the walls of a box trap. We demonstrate that the thus formed shock wave oscillates for several periods and is robust against thermal fluctuations. We show that this large amplitude dynamics is universal across the whole spectrum of the interatomic interaction strength, from weak to strong interactions, and it is fully controlled by the sound velocity inside the fluid. Our work provides a generalization of the dispersive-shock-wave paradigm to the many-body regime. The shock waves we propose are within reach for ultracold atom experiments.
Highlights
Large-amplitude moving perturbations are found in all types of fluids, and even in solids
We describe the fluid at long wavelengths using the generalized hydrodynamic equations [15,16] for the distribution function n(z, k, t ) of the quasiparticles of the Lieb-Liniger model solved self-consistently with the equation for the dressed velocity vneff (k) = (h/m) × ([k]dr/[1]dr ), where the dressing operation is defined by hdr (k) −
We find that the period is well accounted for by the expression T = L/c(γ ), where c(γ ) is the exact speed of sound obtained from the solution of the Lieb-Liniger model [35]: this provides another confirmation that even though the shock wave is generated by a large-amplitude oscillation, its hydrodynamic nature implies that the speed of sound sets its dynamics
Summary
Large-amplitude moving perturbations are found in all types of fluids, and even in solids. As a response to a sudden change of parameters, a shock wave—a sharp jump in hydrodynamic variables capable of propagating without dispersion—may form. Even ideal fluids can support shock waves as long as the infinitely sharp discontinuities are consistent with the conservation laws. Dissipative effects, present in real-world fluids, give the shock layer a thickness and a shape [1]. Superfluids can host shock waves, within the corresponding hydrodynamic two-fluid theory, as in the case of 4He [2,3]. Shock waves were experimentally observed in dilute, weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms [4,5,6,7,8] and fermionic superfluids [9,10,11]
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