Abstract
Impurities hosted in semiconducting solid matrices represent an extensively studied platform for quantum computing applications. In this scenario, the so-called flip-flop qubit emerges as a convenient choice for scalable implementations in silicon. Flip-flop qubits are realized implanting phosphorous donor in isotopically purified silicon, and encoding the logical states in the donor nuclear spin and in its bound electron. Electrically modulating the hyperfine interaction by applying a vertical electric field causes an Electron Dipole Spin Resonance (EDSR) transition between the states with antiparallel spins {|downarrow Uparrow rangle ,|uparrow Downarrow rangle }, that are chosen as the logical states. When two qubits are considered, the dipole-dipole interaction is exploited to establish long-range coupling between them. A universal set of quantum gates for flip-flop qubits is here proposed and the effect of a realistic 1/f noise on the gate fidelity is investigated for the single qubit R_{z}(-frac{pi }{2}) and Hadamard gate and for the two-qubit sqrt{mathit{iSWAP}} gate.
Highlights
Quantum computing applications encompass a variety of different scientific, social and economical contexts, from fundamental science to finance, security and medical sectors
Modulating the hyperfine interaction by applying a vertical electric field causes an Electron Dipole Spin Resonance (EDSR) transition between the states with antiparallel spins {| ↓⇑, | ↑⇓ }, that are chosen as the logical states
When a phosphorus donor is implanted in silicon, eventually using isotopically purified nanostructures (28Si) to drastically reduce magnetic noise, another advantage comes out, that is the integrability with the Complementary MetalOxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology for the qubit fabrication [7]
Summary
Quantum computing applications encompass a variety of different scientific, social and economical contexts, from fundamental science to finance, security and medical sectors. [9], a qubit in which an electric dipole is created sharing the electron between the donor and the interface has been proposed and called flip-flop qubit [10,11,12,13,14]. This qubit is manipulated by microwave electric field that modulates the hyperfine interaction. We present a universal set of quantum gates for quantum computation with flip-√flop qubits. We chose to describe the flip-flop qubit expressing its Hamiltonian in the complete eight-dimensional basis {|g ↓⇑ , |g ↓⇓ , |e ↓⇑ , |g ↑⇑ , |g ↑⇓ , |e ↓⇓ , |e ↑⇑ , |e ↑⇓ }, where the states are ordered from the lower to the higher corresponding energy values, and {|g ↓⇑ , |g ↑⇓ } are respectively the {|0 , |1 } logical states
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