Abstract
This paper is based on the findings of a study conducted for the ICCP Committee of OEDC. The aim of that study was to examine the threats posed to universal service by telecommunications liberalization in Western Europe and the regulatory policy initiatives that might be necessary to protect universal service in the new regulatory environment. To this end the study examined: what the concept of “universal service” entails in each country; the ways in which and the extent to which universal service is incorporated into the regulatory structures and operations of each country’s telecommunications system; the extent to which universal service, however defined and measured, has been or is on the way to being achieved; the extent to which rate rebalancing with the aim of achieving cost-based tariffs in response to competition or the threat of competition was likely to impact on the delivery of universal service.
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