Abstract
A universal characterization of non-Markovianity for any open hybrid quantum systems is presented. This formulation is based on the negativity volume of the generalized Wigner function, which serves as an indicator of the quantum correlations in any composite quantum systems. It is shown, that the proposed measure can be utilized for any single or multi-partite quantum system, containing any discrete or continuous variables. To demonstrate its power in revealing non-Markovianity in such quantum systems, we additionally consider a few illustrative examples.
Highlights
A universal characterization of non-Markovianity for any open hybrid quantum systems is presented
The introduced measure is based on the changes of the negativity volume (NV) of generalized Wigner function (GWF) when the system is interacting with its e nvironment[34,35]
We note that the concept of negativity volume of the standard Wigner function in a continuous variables (CVs) domain has been already utilized in detection of non-Markovianity in bosonic systems[36]
Summary
Any non-Markovian processes can induce the increase of the vector of states v , namely w , and, a sudden increase of the Wigner function negativity volume, which allows to detect a backflow of nonclassicality from an environment to a system. This is related to the flip of the sign in the decaying rates γ < 0 , will be detected by the change in the sign of the speed of the NV N , which for Markovian dynamics is always negative, i.e, dNM /dt < 0. We will demonstrate the ability of the measure DN , given in Eq (9), in its identification of the non-Markovian dynamics in hybrid open systems on several examples considered in the subsequent sections
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