Abstract
Universal nonlinear scattering processes such as Brillouin, Raman, and Kerr effects are fundamental light-matter interactions of particular theoretical and experimental importance. They originate from the interaction of a laser field with an optical medium at the lattice, molecular, and electronic scale, respectively. These nonlinear effects are generally observed and analyzed separately, because they do not often occur concomitantly. In this article, we report the simultaneous excitation of these three fundamental interactions in mm-size ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode resonators under continuous wave pumping. Universal nonlinear scattering is demonstrated in barium fluoride and strontium fluoride, separately. We further propose a unified theory based on a spatiotemporal formalism for the understanding of this phenomenology.
Highlights
Stimulated Brillouin, Raman and Kerr scattering are nonlinear optical processes that have been attracting great interest for decades [1, 2]
We present the investigation of simultaneous excitation of Brillouin, Raman and Kerr effects in whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavities made from barium fluoride (BaF2) and strontium fluoride (SrF2) separately
We have reported the simultaneous excitation of Brillouin, Raman and Kerr effects in cm-scale ultra-high Q WGM crystalline resonators fabricated with barium fluoride
Summary
Stimulated Brillouin, Raman and Kerr scattering are nonlinear optical processes that have been attracting great interest for decades [1, 2]. Further generation of stimulated Brillouin, Raman and Kerr scattering with relatively low pump power in the continuous-wave regime typically requires an optical cavity with small mode volume and ultra-high quality (Q) factor (that is, ultra-low loss). In this regard, cavity geometries based on chip-scale resonators have been demonstrated to be very successful solutions [7,8,9]. We show that crystalline WGM resonators arise as ideal platforms in order to investigate the complex interplay of these three fundamental interactions, and we propose a full spatiotemporal model which provides an insightful understanding about these complex scattering phenomena
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