Abstract
Countries are seeking to diversify sources of revenue for Universal Health Coverage (UHC), and strategies vary among countries at different stages on the road to UHC. The study tends to document these trade-offs by factoring successful economies across the globe. A review of peer-reviewed literature retrieved country-wise on the basis of successful UHC economies to establish the major factor associated with development of UHC. Political will has been recognized as one of the critical factors. Overcoming barriers associated with development of an adequate and sustainable financing mechanism and selecting the right package of services are other essential determinants. Reaching vulnerable groups and efficient use of resources were other factors that contributed to UHC development in Mexico and south-east Asian countries. UHC development is at threshold where nations should learn from one another, especially from those systems which appear to be doing better, and are more prepared to innovate, test and evaluate new approaches.
Highlights
WHO’s constitution of 1948 declared “health a fundamental human right” and the Alma-Ata declaration in 1978 reinstated “Health for All” agenda
Country-specific contexts i.e. disease burden, health system, economic as well as political factors, will greatly influence the policy choices, but in spite of the varied approaches to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), the following dimensions will apply across all contexts while making efficient trade-offs across these three dimensions [14]. a1) Political Will and Economy As political scenario of a state is responsible for enabling or constraining social and economic reforms, political will has been recognized as one of the critical factors for UHC development
Political situations that can be responsible for adopting UHC goals; expanding health coverage; and reducing inequities in coverage [2] are of utmost importance in transitioning health systems. a2) Where It Worked Bangladesh and Ethiopia have emerged as clear examples of how social and political support can overcome macroeconomic constraints to realize their policy goal of adopting UHC
Summary
WHO’s constitution of 1948 declared “health a fundamental human right” and the Alma-Ata declaration in 1978 reinstated “Health for All” agenda. With equity constitutionalised as the most important feature of health systems, universality has become the core principle of an Integrated Health System. This means that countries need to track progress of national population and provide health benefits to all groups irrespective of sex, age, place of residence, migrant status and ethnic origin [1]. This quest gave rise to the concept of Universal.
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