Abstract
The droop control strategy has different forms for inverters with different types of output impedance. Unlike a synchronous machine, of which the impedance is inductive, the impedance of an inverter around the fundamental frequency can be inductive (L‐inverters), resistive (R‐inverters), capacitive (C‐inverters), resistive‐inductive or resistive‐capacitive, etc. This chapter shows that there exists a universal droop control principle for impedance having a phase angle between ‐π/2 rad and π/2 rad. It reviews the widely adopted droop control strategy, with many new insights provided. The chapter presents real‐time simulation results and experimental results from a test rig consisting of an R‐inverter, an L‐inverter, and a C‐inverter operated in parallel. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the universal droop controller for the parallel operation of inverters with different types of output impedance, achieving accurate proportional power sharing, tight voltage and frequency regulation.
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