Uniting Polypeptides with Sequence-Designed Peptides: Synthesis and Assembly of Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-b-Coiled-Coil Peptide Copolymers

Abstract

A new class of peptide has been created, polypeptide-b-designed peptides, which unites the useful qualities of the two constituent peptide types. We demonstrate the synthesis and self-assembly possibilities of this class of peptide chimera with a series of amphiphilic polypeptide-b-designed peptides in which the hydrophobic block is poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG) and the hydrophilic block is a coiled-coil forming peptide (denoted E). The synthetic approach was to synthesize the coiled-coil forming peptide on the solid phase, followed by the ring-opening polymerization of gamma-benzyl l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride, initiated from the N-terminal amine of the peptide E on the solid support. The polypeptide-b-peptide was then cleaved from the resin, requiring no further purification. Peptide E contains 22 amino acids, while the average length of the PBLG block ranged from 36 to 250 residues. This new class of peptide was applied to create a modular system, which relied on juxtaposing the properties of the component peptide types, namely the broad size range and structure-inducing characteristics of the polypeptide PBLG blocks, and the complex functionality of the sequence-designed peptide. Specifically, the different PBLG block lengths could be connected noncovalently with various hydrophilic blocks via the specific coiled-coil folding of E with K or K-poly(ethylene glycol), where K is a peptide of complementary amino acid sequence to E. In this way, nanostructures could be formed in water at neutral pH over the entire compositional range, which has not been demonstrated previously with such large PBLG blocks. It was found that the size, morphology (polymersomes or bicelles), and surface functionality could be specified by combining the appropriate modular building blocks. The self-assembled structures were characterized by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, scanning electron microscopy, cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and zeta-potential measurements. Finally, as the structures are able to encapsulate water-soluble compounds, and the surfaces are easily functionalized via the coiled-coil binding, it is expected that these peptide-based nanocapsules will be able to act as delivery vehicles to specific targets in the body.