Abstract
A high wind-power penetration level causes increased uncertainty in power system operation because of the variability and limited predictability of wind generation. This paper proposes a novel type of unit commitment (UC) considering spinning reserve and interruptible load (IL) as operating reserve facilities to increase system flexibility for reliable, economical operation. Two uncertainty sources, load and wind generation, were modeled via autoregressive moving averages (ARMA). The formulation of interruptible load was considered in the implementation of unit commitments. Lagrangian relaxation-dynamic programming (LR-DP) was used to solve the unit commitment problem efficiently. The expected energy not supplied (EENS) was regarded as a probabilistic reliability criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed unit commitment was evaluated using an IEEE 118-bus system. The simulation results clearly demonstrated that with demand-side participation, the operating cost was significantly reduced when handling the increased uncertainty due to wind power integration within the required reliability criteria.
Highlights
As the proportion of wind energy in power systems increases, independent system operators (ISO)are becoming concerned with the challenge of how to operate their systems to cope with the resulting increased uncertainty
A power balance must be maintained under all circumstances, and system operators must adjust the power output of dispatchable generating resources to match the variations in the net demand
We propose a novel approach to unit commitments (UC) by considering interruptible load as an operating reserve, so that power system operations are robust against system uncertainties
Summary
As the proportion of wind energy in power systems increases, independent system operators (ISO). The UC objective is to minimize the total operating cost of maintaining a power balance over a specific short-term period under given system and unit constraints, such as generator power output limits, system spinning reserve, ramp rate limits, and minimum up and down times of the units. Various technical approaches have been devised to determine optimal generation scheduling in a wind-integrated power system at an allowable reliability level [2,3,4]. Most of these techniques consider only generation, and exclude demand-side resources. We propose a novel approach to UC by considering interruptible load as an operating reserve, so that power system operations are robust against system uncertainties.
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