Abstract
Neutron-deficient isotopes of Pt–Hg–Pb–Po–Rn are the classic region in the investigation of shape coexistence in atomic nuclei. A large programme of Coulomb-excitation experiments has been undertaken at the REX-ISOLDE facility in CERN with a number of even–even isotopes in this region. These experiments have been used to probe the electromagnetic properties of yrast and non-yrast states of even–even exotic nuclei, above and below Z = 82. Amongst a large amount of different complementary techniques used to study nuclear structure, Coulomb excitation brings substantial and unique information detailing shape coexistence. In this paper we review the Coulomb-excitation campaign at REX-ISOLDE in the light-lead region together with most recently obtained results. Furthermore, we present some new interpretations that arise from this data and show testing comparisons to state-of-the-art nuclear models.
Highlights
IntroductionWhile other spectroscopic methods, e.g. lifetime measurements, allow determination of reduced transition probabilities, B (E2) values, the Coulomb-excitation technique brings information on relative signs of transitional matrix elements
Whereby nuclear states at similar energy exhibit a different deformation appear in the whole nuclear landscape [1], a classic region for investigating this phenomenon is in the region around Z = 82 and the neutron midshell at N = 104
An assumption that the structure of neutron-deficient mercury or polonium isotopes can be described by two distinct configurations which mix at low excitation energies can be tested
Summary
While other spectroscopic methods, e.g. lifetime measurements, allow determination of reduced transition probabilities, B (E2) values, the Coulomb-excitation technique brings information on relative signs of transitional matrix elements Based on the latter, the deformation parameters of the charge distribution in the intrinsic frame of the nucleus can be determined in a nuclear-model independent manner using the rotational-invariant method [49, 50] (see section 3.1). The uniqueness of the Coulomb-excitation technique lies in providing an access to subtle, higher-order effects, such as spectroscopic quadrupole moments of excited states and signs of interference terms (relative signs of transitional matrix elements) To determine the latter, complementary information is often needed to provide important constraints. Results obtained from such combined analysis, merging different sets of data, enable an understanding of the origin and nature of shape coexistence phenomena in atomic nuclei
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