Abstract
Marcada por calamidades que enfatizam visões estereotipadas sobre si, a África se apresenta ao século XXI com uma crescente expectativa pessimista em relação a seu futuro e potencial no campo internacional. Como resposta a este desafio, dentre outros, Thabo Mbeki, presidente da África do Sul no período, populariza o conceito de Renascença Africana, cuja proposta oferece soluções, na esfera política e econômica, para enfrentar as adversidades. Para além da orientação política e econômica, a Renascença Africana, entendida como parte da estratégia de Pretória para a África, também possui notável atuação na estruturação da União Africana, criada em 2002 como aprofundamento da Organização da Unidade Africana. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho busca analisar o papel sul-africano na alteração da dinâmica política e econômica observada na África no início do século XXI.
Highlights
Marked by tragedies that reinforce stereotypes about itself, especially those that portray it as dependent on developed countries and unable to solve its own dilemmas, the African continent still presents itself in the 21st century with challenges related to hunger and humanitarian calamities, more recurrent in some regions than others
The present study sought to answer the following question: was there a participation of Pretoria in the incorporation of new political and economic paradigms, materialized in the change of posture of the African Union in relation to national sovereignty, for example, by the African continent in the 21st century? The affirmative answer to that question is supported by three arguments
The first is based on the need for the adoption of a new political and economic model by Africa in the late 1990s
Summary
Marked by tragedies that reinforce stereotypes about itself, especially those that portray it as dependent on developed countries and unable to solve its own dilemmas, the African continent still presents itself in the 21st century with challenges related to hunger and humanitarian calamities, more recurrent in some regions than others. Two groups emerged with the common goal of breaking with the domination structures inherited from imperialism: the Casablanca Group (Guinea, Egypt, Mali, Morocco, Libya, exiled government from Algeria and Ghana) and the Monrovia or Brazzaville Group (Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Liberia) While the former sought the creation of the United States of Africa, with the planning and centralization of economic development, in addition to forming a continental security system, the Monrovia/Brazzaville Group advocated for a more moderate strategy and respect for sovereignty and integrity of independent states (Otávio 2013; Pereira, Ribeiro and Visentini 2014). There is a South African preponderance in the construction of the new African political and economic dynamics at the beginning of the 21st century, especially in the ordering of the African Union and NEPAD
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