Unintended pregnancies in the context of intimate partner violence: Findings from the ELSA-Study

Abstract

Abstract Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) is a widespread problem with serious consequences for victims and for society. Women affected by IPV have an empirically proven particular risk of unintended pregnancies. ELSA “Experiences and Living Conditions of Unintended Pregnant Women - Counselling and Care Services” is the first study in Germany to analyse the connections between the situations of women and unintended pregnancies. Using an online questionnaire, women from 1) a random representative sample of residents with a child under 6 years of age and 2) a sample of 662 women from abortion facilities or counselling centres were surveyed in 2021. The data (n = 5,101) were analysed in order to compare the life situation and needs of victimized versus non-victimized women. 333 women (6.5% of the total sample; 95% CI [6.2, 7.6]) reported IPV. Victimized women had a 5.6 times higher risk for an unintended pregnancy (95% CI [4.2, 7.5]) and 3.2 times higher risk for an abortion (95% CI [2.0, 5.0]). The pregnancy was sig. more frequently the result of forced sex (CV= .210***). Victims with unintended pregnancies had a sig. poorer mental health before (t(510) = 7.081***), during (t(510) = 5.501***) and after birth (t(456) = 5.234***) as well as before (t(503) = 4.905***), during (t(224) = 3.408) and after (t(503) = 3.352***) abortion. They were sig. more likely to report feelings of guilt and shame (CV = .182***), self-blame (CV = .149***) and anxiety (CV = .190***) after the pregnancy was determined and they received sig. more unsolicited information from the medical staff (CV = .254**). The result shows that victimized women are in an increased risk situation in the context of unintended pregnancies. Health care professionals can play a special role in prevention and intervention. Nationwide awareness-raising training, protocols and commitment are required. Key messages • The study confirms international findings on IPV and unintended pregnancies for Germany. • There is a need for a sensitive approach within the health system to enhance prevention.