Unimolecuclar Fragmentation and Isomerization of Gaseous Arsanyl Cations Y—C6H4As+X (X=F, Cl, Br, I). The Role of Non-Classical Nido Structures

Abstract

The halogeno-(4-halogenophenyl)arsanyl cations Y–C6H4As+X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) are abundant in the 70 eV EI mass spectra of dihalogeno-(4-halogenophenyl)arsanes Y–C6H4AsX2. This has been used to study the unimolecular reactions of ions Y–C6H4As+X by techniques of tandem mass spectrometry with respect to a possible rearrangement to nido-isomers, ñ4-(XYC6H4)As+, in which the As+ is capping a dihalogenobenzene moiety, YC6H4AX. The mass analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectra of Y–C6H4As+X, 1a+–3a+ and 5a+ (X, Y=F, Cl, Br, see Scheme 2), display broad and even dish-topped peaks for the loss of HX and HY, respectively, indicating a large kinetic energy release ( KER) during these reactions and the presence of a large reverse activation energy. The mean value of the KER, < T>, is specific for the type of the halogen substituent but independent of its original position and is identical to < T> found for the loss of HX or HY from metastable halogeno–phenylarsanyl cations, C6H5As−X or C6H4As+Y. These results give strong evidence for a positional change of X and Y in Y–C6H4As+X before fragmentation, plausibly via intermediate ñ4-(XYC6H4)As+. However, the relative intensities of the signals for loss of HX and HY are different in the MIKE spectra of isomeric arsanyl cations and the spectra of the isomers obtained by collision-induced decomposition show that the metastable arsanyl cations represent a mixture of isomers with the original arsanyl cation prevailing. Clearly, interchange of halogen substituents in Y–C6H4XAs+ is slow compared with fragmentation and the intermediate nido-isomer, ñ4-(XYC6H4)As+, is separated from the isomers of the classical structure of a halogeno-(halogenophenyl)arsanyl cation by substantial activation barriers. Therefore, in the case of 4a+ and 6a+ (X, Y=Cl, I), any rearrangement is obstructed by the facile loss of the weakly bonded I substituent. This reaction model was verified by theoretical calculations of relevant stationary points of the minimum energy reaction pathways ( MERP) of fragmentation and rearrangement at the level UBHLYP/6-311+g(2d,p)//UBHLYP/6-31+g(d). In particular, the calculations show that the nido isomers, ñ4-(XYC6H4)As+, are stable species but higher in energy than their “classical” isomers.