Unilateral transtibial prosthesis users load their intact limb more than their prosthetic limb during sit-to-stand, squatting, and lifting

Abstract

BackgroundLower limb prosthesis users exhibit high rates of joint pain and disease, such as osteoarthritis, in their intact limb. Overloading of their intact limb during daily activities may be a contributing factor. Limb loading biomechanics have been extensively studied during walking, but fewer investigations into limb loading during other functional movements exist. The purpose of this study was to characterize the lower limb loading of transtibial prosthesis users during three common daily tasks: sit-to-stand, squatting, and lifting. MethodsEight unilateral transtibial prosthesis users performed sit-to-stand (from three chair heights), squatting, and lifting a 10 kg box. Peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak knee flexion moments were computed for each limb (intact and prosthetic) to characterize limb loading and asymmetry. Ranges of motion of the intact and prosthetic ankles were also quantified. FindingsUsers had greater peak ground reaction forces and knee flexion moments in their intact limb for all tasks (p < 0.02). On average, the intact limb had 36–48% greater peak ground reaction forces and 168–343% greater peak knee flexion moments compared to the prosthetic limb. The prosthetic ankle provided <10° of ankle range of motion for all tasks, less than half the range of motion provided by the intact ankle. InterpretationProsthesis users overloaded their intact limb during all tasks. This asymmetric loading may lead to an accumulation of damage to the intact limb joints, such as the knee, and may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Prosthetic design and rehabilitation interventions that promote more symmetric loading should be investigated for these tasks.