Unilateral thalamotomy with high intensity focal ultrasound in patients with refractory essential tremor: a comparative study between patients under and over 70 years of age

Abstract

High intensity focal ultrasound (HIFU) thalamotomy is a novel treatment for refractory tremor. This study aims to compare the reduction in tremor intensity and adverse effects of treatment between patients younger and older than 70 years of age. All the patients with refractory essential tremor treated with HIFU between March 2021 and March 2023 were included consecutively. Various demographic and clinical variables were analysed, including age and the items on the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST). Cerebral vascular pathology was quantified using the Fazekas scale. Outcomes and adverse effects were compared between the patients aged 70 years or younger, and those older than 70 years. Ninety patients were included, and 50 of them were over 70 years old. Prior to treatment, the CRST A + B score was 20.4 ± 5.7 among those under 70 years of age, and 23.3 ± 5.1 in those older (p = 0.013). At six months after treatment, the mean was 3.8 ± 5.1 and 4.8 ± 4.5, respectively (p = 0.314). We found no significant differences in the CRST C score (2.8 ± 4.1 and 3.5 ± 4.8, p = 0.442). There were also no significant differences between the patients with vascular pathology (Fazekas = 1) and those without (4.6 ± 7.3 and 4.3 ± 4, p = 0.832). There were no differences in the presence of adverse effects between the groups based on age and vascular pathology. Contrary to traditional opinion, older patients do not have a poorer response or a higher rate of adverse effects after HIFU treatment.